Compare Peptides

Select any two compounds for a side-by-side comparison of mechanism, uses, risks, and FDA regulatory status.

Popular comparisons

Humanin

HN, Mitochondria-derived peptide

Unregulated
Mitochondrial & Longevity

NAD+

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, NAD

Unregulated
Metabolic & Longevity
Overview

A 21-amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome — one of the first mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) discovered. Humanin levels decline with age and are associated with longevity in centenarian offspring. Studied for neuroprotection, metabolic health, and cardiovascular protection.

A coenzyme found in all living cells that plays a central role in energy metabolism and cellular repair. NAD+ levels decline significantly with age. Injectable NAD+ and its precursors (NMN, NR) have become widely used in longevity and anti-aging protocols.

Mechanism of Action

Binds to multiple receptors including gp130, FPRL1, and intracellular IGFBP-3. Activates STAT3 and AMPK signaling pathways. Inhibits neuronal apoptosis, reduces inflammation, improves insulin sensitivity, and protects against ischemic injury. Acts as a stress-response signal from mitochondria to the rest of the cell.

Serves as an electron carrier in cellular respiration (ATP production). Activates sirtuins (SIRT1-7), a family of proteins involved in DNA repair, inflammation regulation, and metabolic homeostasis. Also activates PARP enzymes involved in DNA damage repair.

Common Uses
  • Neuroprotection and cognitive support
  • Metabolic health and insulin sensitivity
  • Cardiovascular protection
  • Longevity and anti-aging protocols
  • Alzheimer's disease research
  • Anti-aging and longevity protocols
  • Energy and cognitive enhancement
  • Addiction recovery support
  • Athletic performance and recovery
  • Metabolic health optimization
Known Risks
  • Very limited human clinical data
  • Optimal dosing not established
  • Long-term effects unknown
  • Injection site reactions
  • Interactions with other peptides not well characterized
  • IV infusions can cause flushing, nausea, chest tightness (usually transient)
  • Oral precursors (NMN, NR) generally well-tolerated
  • Long-term effects of supraphysiological dosing unknown
  • Theoretical concern: NAD+ may support cancer cell metabolism
  • Quality varies significantly across suppliers
Regulatory Status
Unregulated

Not FDA-approved and not on any compounding list. Available as a research chemical. One of the more scientifically interesting longevity peptides with a growing research base, but human clinical trials are in early stages. Not affected by the 2026 regulatory changes.

Unregulated

NAD+ itself is not FDA-approved as a drug. Injectable NAD+ is available through compounding pharmacies with a prescription. Oral precursors (NMN, NR) are sold as dietary supplements. Not on any FDA compounding category list — exists in a separate regulatory framework from the peptides affected by the 2026 reclassification.

This comparison is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any peptide therapy.