Peptide Database

80 compounds with detailed profiles — mechanism of action, common uses, known risks, and current FDA regulatory status. Updated April 2026.

Covering 80 of 80+ FDA-approved and commonly researched peptide compounds. New profiles are added regularly.

80
Total Compounds
21
FDA Approved
7
Category 1
14
Pending PCAC

80 compounds

BPC-157

Pending PCAC

Body Protection Compound-157, Bepecin

Healing & Recovery

A synthetic 15-amino acid peptide derived from a protective protein found in human gastric juice. One of the most widely researched peptides for tissue repair and recovery.

Tendon and ligament repairGut healing and GI protectionMuscle injury recovery

PCAC: July 23, 2026

Semaglutide

FDA Approved

Ozempic, Wegovy

GLP-1 Agonist

A GLP-1 receptor agonist originally developed for type 2 diabetes, now widely prescribed for weight management. One of the most commercially successful peptide drugs in history.

Weight managementType 2 diabetes treatmentBlood sugar regulation

Tirzepatide

FDA Approved

Mounjaro, Zepbound

GLP-1/GIP Dual Agonist

A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly. Represents the next generation of incretin-based therapies with potentially superior efficacy to semaglutide for weight loss.

Weight managementType 2 diabetes treatmentMetabolic health improvement

TB-500

Pending PCAC

Thymosin Beta-4 Fragment, TB4-Frag

Healing & Recovery

A synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4, a naturally occurring peptide involved in tissue repair and regeneration. Widely used in the biohacking community for injury recovery.

Muscle and tendon repairWound healingReducing inflammation

PCAC: July 23, 2026

CJC-1295

Category 1

CJC-1295 with DAC, CJC-1295 no DAC

Growth Hormone Secretagogue

A synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) that stimulates the pituitary gland to produce more growth hormone. Available with or without a Drug Affinity Complex (DAC) that extends its half-life.

Growth hormone optimizationImproved sleep qualityFat loss

AOD-9604

Category 1

Anti-Obesity Drug 9604, Tyr-hGH Fragment 177-191

Metabolic

A modified fragment of human growth hormone (amino acids 177-191) originally developed as an anti-obesity agent. Targets fat metabolism without the growth-promoting effects of full HGH.

Fat lossMetabolic healthBody composition improvement

GHK-Cu

Pending PCAC

Copper Peptide, Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine:copper(II)

Anti-Aging & Skin

A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide found in human plasma, saliva, and urine. Levels decline significantly with age. Widely used in both injectable and topical forms for anti-aging.

Skin rejuvenation and anti-agingWound healingHair growth stimulation

PCAC: By February 2027

Thymosin Alpha-1

Category 1

Tα1, Zadaxin

Immune Support

A thymic peptide that plays a central role in immune system regulation. Approved as a drug in over 35 countries (though not in the US) for hepatitis B and C treatment and as an immune booster.

Immune system supportChronic infection managementCancer adjunct therapy (in some countries)

Ipamorelin

Category 1

Growth Hormone Secretagogue

A selective growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates GH release with minimal effects on cortisol and prolactin. Considered one of the 'cleanest' GH-releasing peptides due to its selectivity.

Growth hormone optimizationImproved sleep qualityFat loss

Sermorelin

Category 1

Geref, GRF 1-29

Growth Hormone Secretagogue

A synthetic analog of the first 29 amino acids of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). One of the longest-studied GH-releasing peptides with a history of FDA approval for pediatric GH deficiency.

Growth hormone deficiency treatmentAnti-aging protocolsImproved sleep

Retatrutide

Investigational

LY3437943, Eli Lilly Triple Agonist

GLP-1/GIP/Glucagon Triple Agonist

An investigational triple-agonist peptide developed by Eli Lilly that targets GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously. Phase 3 clinical trials are underway, with early results showing unprecedented weight loss efficacy.

Weight management (investigational)Type 2 diabetes (investigational)Metabolic syndrome (investigational)

Semax

Pending PCAC

Heptapeptide, MEHFPGP

Nootropic & Neuroprotective

A synthetic heptapeptide analog of ACTH(4-10) developed in Russia, where it has been used clinically for decades to treat cerebral ischemia and cognitive impairment. Growing interest in the West for nootropic and neuroprotective applications.

Cognitive enhancement and focusNeuroprotection after stroke or ischemiaAnxiety and depression support

PCAC: July 24, 2026

Epitalon

Pending PCAC

Epithalon, Epithalone

Anti-Aging & Longevity

A synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) originally developed by the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology in Russia. Studied for telomere lengthening, melatonin regulation, and anti-aging properties.

Anti-aging and longevity protocolsImproved sleep qualityTelomere length maintenance

PCAC: July 24, 2026

MOTS-c

Pending PCAC

Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c

Metabolic & Longevity

A mitochondria-derived peptide encoded by the 12S rRNA gene. Naturally produced in the body and declines with age. Emerging research shows remarkable effects on metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and exercise capacity.

Metabolic health optimizationInsulin sensitivity improvementObesity treatment (investigational)

PCAC: July 23, 2026

KPV

Pending PCAC

Lys-Pro-Val, α-MSH C-terminal tripeptide

Anti-Inflammatory & Healing

A tripeptide (Lysine-Proline-Valine) derived from the C-terminus of alpha-MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone). Has potent anti-inflammatory properties and is being studied for inflammatory bowel conditions and wound healing.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) supportWound healing and skin conditionsGeneral anti-inflammatory protocols

PCAC: July 23, 2026

Emideltide

Pending PCAC

DSIP, Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide

Sleep & Neurological

A nonapeptide (9 amino acids) first isolated from rabbit cerebral venous blood in 1977. Originally studied for sleep-induction properties, it is now being investigated for opioid withdrawal and chronic insomnia.

Sleep quality improvementOpioid withdrawal supportStress and cortisol reduction

PCAC: July 24, 2026

Melanotan II

Pending PCAC

MT-2, MTII

Melanocortin & Sexual Health

A synthetic analog of alpha-MSH that acts on melanocortin receptors. Originally developed at the University of Arizona as a potential tanning agent, it gained notoriety for potent sexual arousal and appetite suppression effects.

Skin tanningSexual dysfunction treatmentLibido enhancement

PCAC: By February 2027

Selank

Unregulated

TP-7, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro

Nootropic & Neuroprotective

A synthetic heptapeptide analog of tuftsin developed by the Institute of Molecular Genetics in Russia. Approved in Russia as an anxiolytic and nootropic. Widely used for anxiety reduction and cognitive enhancement without sedation.

Anxiety and stress reductionCognitive enhancement and focusDepression support

PT-141

FDA Approved

Bremelanotide, Vyleesi

Melanocortin & Sexual Health

A synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist derived from Melanotan II. Unlike Melanotan II, PT-141 was developed specifically for sexual dysfunction and received FDA approval in 2019 as Vyleesi for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women.

Female sexual dysfunction (FDA-approved indication)Male sexual dysfunction (off-label)Libido enhancement

Hexarelin

Category 1

Examorelin, His-D-2-MeTrp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2

Growth Hormone Secretagogue

A synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue and one of the most potent GH-releasing peptides known. Stimulates GH release more strongly than most other GHS peptides, but also has significant effects on cortisol and prolactin.

Growth hormone optimizationMuscle mass and strengthFat loss

Tesamorelin

FDA Approved

Egrifta, TH9507

Growth Hormone Secretagogue

A synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) that is FDA-approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. One of the few peptides with a clear FDA-approved indication, making it a useful reference point for the broader GHRH analog class.

HIV-associated lipodystrophy (FDA-approved)Visceral fat reductionMetabolic health improvement

NAD+

Unregulated

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, NAD

Metabolic & Longevity

A coenzyme found in all living cells that plays a central role in energy metabolism and cellular repair. NAD+ levels decline significantly with age. Injectable NAD+ and its precursors (NMN, NR) have become widely used in longevity and anti-aging protocols.

Anti-aging and longevity protocolsEnergy and cognitive enhancementAddiction recovery support

IGF-1 LR3

Unregulated

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Long R3, Long R3 IGF-1

Growth & Anabolic

A synthetic analog of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) with an extended half-life due to a modified arginine-3 sequence. IGF-1 is naturally produced in the liver in response to growth hormone. The LR3 variant is approximately 3x more potent than native IGF-1 and resists binding to IGF-binding proteins, extending its activity.

Muscle growth and hypertrophyRecovery from injuryFat loss

Follistatin 344

Unregulated

FST-344, Follistatin

Growth & Anabolic

A naturally occurring glycoprotein that acts as a potent inhibitor of myostatin — the protein that limits muscle growth. Follistatin 344 is the most common isoform used in research contexts. Inhibiting myostatin theoretically removes the body's natural brake on muscle development.

Muscle mass enhancementStrength improvementMuscular dystrophy research

SS-31

Investigational

Elamipretide, MTP-131

Mitochondrial & Cardioprotective

A synthetic tetrapeptide that targets the inner mitochondrial membrane, specifically binding to cardiolipin — a phospholipid critical for mitochondrial function. Developed by Stealth BioTherapeutics, SS-31 has been studied for heart failure, kidney disease, and age-related mitochondrial dysfunction.

Mitochondrial dysfunction supportCardiac protectionKidney protection (renal ischemia)

Pinealon

Unregulated

EDR peptide, Glu-Asp-Arg

Nootropic & Neuroprotective

A synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) developed by the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology — the same institution behind Epitalon. Pinealon is designed to target the central nervous system and pineal gland, with research focused on neuroprotection, cognitive function, and circadian rhythm regulation.

Cognitive enhancement and memoryNeuroprotectionSleep quality improvement

Humanin

Unregulated

HN, Mitochondria-derived peptide

Mitochondrial & Longevity

A 21-amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome — one of the first mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) discovered. Humanin levels decline with age and are associated with longevity in centenarian offspring. Studied for neuroprotection, metabolic health, and cardiovascular protection.

Neuroprotection and cognitive supportMetabolic health and insulin sensitivityCardiovascular protection

5-Amino-1MQ

Unregulated

5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, NNMT inhibitor

Metabolic & Weight Management

A small molecule inhibitor of NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase), an enzyme that regulates fat cell metabolism and NAD+ availability. While technically a small molecule rather than a peptide, it is commonly grouped with peptide therapies in the metabolic health space due to its mechanism and delivery method.

Fat loss and body compositionMetabolic health improvementObesity treatment (investigational)

Cerebrolysin

Unregulated

FPF 1070

Nootropic & Neuroprotective

A mixture of low-molecular-weight neuropeptides and amino acids derived from purified pig brain proteins. Approved as a drug in over 50 countries (including much of Europe and Asia) for stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease. One of the most clinically studied neuropeptide preparations in the world.

Stroke recovery and rehabilitationTraumatic brain injury recoveryAlzheimer's disease (approved in some countries)

GHRP-6

Category 1

Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6, His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2

Growth Hormone Secretagogue

One of the original synthetic growth hormone secretagogues, developed in the 1980s. A hexapeptide that strongly stimulates GH release through ghrelin receptor activation. Historically significant as the compound that led to the discovery of the ghrelin receptor and the development of the entire GHS drug class.

Growth hormone optimizationMuscle recovery and growthFat loss

Orforglipron

Investigational

LY3502970, Eli Lilly oral GLP-1

GLP-1 Agonist

A non-peptide, small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly. Unlike semaglutide and tirzepatide which are peptides requiring injection, orforglipron is a fully oral pill taken once daily with no fasting requirement. Phase 3 trials are underway, potentially making it the first truly convenient oral GLP-1 option.

Weight management (investigational)Type 2 diabetes (investigational)Metabolic health improvement

Liraglutide

FDA Approved

Victoza, Saxenda

GLP-1 Agonist

The first widely used GLP-1 receptor agonist for weight management, developed by Novo Nordisk. Predates semaglutide and tirzepatide. While largely superseded by newer agents for weight loss, it remains FDA-approved and widely prescribed, particularly for patients who tolerate it well or have established insurance coverage.

Weight management (FDA-approved as Saxenda)Type 2 diabetes (FDA-approved as Victoza)Cardiovascular risk reduction

Oxytocin

FDA Approved

Pitocin, Syntocinon

Neurological & Hormonal

A naturally occurring nonapeptide produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. Known as the 'bonding hormone' for its role in social bonding, trust, and attachment. Also has established medical uses in obstetrics. Growing interest in intranasal oxytocin for social anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, and relationship enhancement.

Social anxiety and social bondingAutism spectrum disorder support (investigational)Relationship and intimacy enhancement

BPC-157 (Oral Form)

Pending PCAC

BPC-157 capsule, Oral BPC-157

Healing & Recovery

The oral formulation of BPC-157, distinct from the injectable form in its bioavailability profile and primary applications. While injectable BPC-157 is used for systemic and musculoskeletal healing, oral BPC-157 is particularly relevant for gastrointestinal conditions where direct gut exposure may be more important than systemic absorption.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)Leaky gut and intestinal permeabilityNSAID-induced gastric damage

PCAC: July 23, 2026

Cagrilintide

Investigational

AM833, CagriSema (in combination with semaglutide)

Metabolic & Weight Management

A long-acting amylin analog developed by Novo Nordisk. Amylin is a hormone co-secreted with insulin that regulates appetite and gastric emptying. Being developed both standalone and in combination with semaglutide (CagriSema) — a combination showing weight loss exceeding 22% in Phase 3 trials, potentially the next step beyond tirzepatide.

Weight management (investigational)Type 2 diabetes (investigational)Metabolic syndrome

GHRP-2

Unregulated

Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2, Pralmorelin

Growth Hormone Secretagogue

A synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates GH release through the ghrelin receptor. Considered one of the most potent GHRPs available, producing stronger GH pulses than GHRP-6 but with more appetite stimulation than ipamorelin. Widely used in anti-aging and performance contexts.

Growth hormone optimizationMuscle growth and recoveryAnti-aging protocols

Dihexa

Unregulated

N-hexanoic-Tyr-Ile-(6)-aminohexanoic amide, PMI 6

Nootropic & Cognitive

An angiotensin IV analog peptide developed at Washington State University that has shown extraordinary cognitive-enhancing properties in animal models. In preclinical studies, dihexa was reported to be up to 10 million times more potent than BDNF at promoting new synapse formation, making it one of the most discussed nootropic peptides in the biohacking community.

Cognitive enhancement (investigational)Memory and learning supportNeuroprotection research

LL-37

Unregulated

Cathelicidin, Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide

Immune & Antimicrobial

The only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, LL-37 is a 37-amino-acid peptide naturally produced by immune cells, epithelial cells, and barrier tissues. It plays a critical role in innate immunity by directly killing bacteria, viruses, and fungi, while also modulating inflammatory responses. Increasingly studied for chronic infections, biofilm disruption, and immune regulation.

Immune system supportChronic infection managementBiofilm disruption (Lyme, SIBO)

SNAP-8

Unregulated

Acetyl Octapeptide-3, Acetyl Glutamyl Heptapeptide-1

Cosmetic & Skin

A cosmetic peptide that mimics the N-terminal end of SNAP-25, a protein involved in neuromuscular signaling. By competing with SNAP-25 for a position in the SNARE complex, it reduces the intensity of muscle contractions that cause expression lines. Often called 'topical Botox' in the skincare industry, though its effects are much milder than injectable neurotoxins.

Anti-wrinkle skincareExpression line reductionForehead and crow's feet treatment

Thymalin

Unregulated

Thymic peptide extract, Thymus extract

Immune & Longevity

A thymic peptide bioregulator developed by Vladimir Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. Thymalin is a complex of polypeptides extracted from the thymus gland that has been used clinically in Russia since the 1980s for immune restoration. Khavinson's research group reported that thymalin treatment in elderly patients was associated with reduced mortality over a 6-year follow-up period.

Immune system restoration in elderly patientsPost-infection immune recoveryAnti-aging and longevity protocols

Survodutide

Investigational

BI 456906, Boehringer Ingelheim dual agonist

Metabolic & Weight Management

A dual glucagon/GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Boehringer Ingelheim for obesity and metabolic liver disease (MASH/NASH). Unlike tirzepatide (GIP/GLP-1), survodutide activates the glucagon receptor alongside GLP-1, which increases energy expenditure and hepatic fat oxidation. Phase 2 trials showed up to 18.7% weight loss at 46 weeks and significant liver fat reduction, making it a leading candidate for MASH treatment.

Weight management (investigational)MASH/NASH treatment (investigational)Metabolic syndrome

Pemvidutide

Investigational

ALT-801, Altimmune dual agonist

Metabolic & Weight Management

A GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist developed by Altimmune, similar in mechanism to survodutide. In Phase 2 trials (MOMENTUM), pemvidutide demonstrated up to 15.6% weight loss at 48 weeks with notable preservation of lean body mass — a differentiating feature compared to other weight loss drugs where significant muscle loss is a concern.

Weight management (investigational)MASH/NASH treatment (investigational)Lean mass preservation during weight loss

BPC-157 Arginate (Stable Form)

Pending PCAC

BPC-157 Arginine Salt, BPC-157-Arg

Healing & Recovery

The arginine salt form of BPC-157, developed to improve stability and shelf life compared to the standard acetate salt. BPC-157 arginate maintains the same gastric pentadecapeptide sequence but uses arginine as the counter-ion, which provides better stability at room temperature and in solution. This form is increasingly preferred by compounding pharmacies and researchers.

Gut healing and GI repairTendon and ligament recoveryMuscle injury repair

PCAC: July 23, 2026

Mazdutide

Investigational

IBI362, LY3305677

Metabolic & Weight Management

A GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist co-developed by Innovent Biologics and Eli Lilly. Mazdutide has shown strong weight loss results in Chinese clinical populations, with Phase 3 data showing up to 17.4% weight loss at 48 weeks. It received approval in China in late 2025 for obesity treatment, making it one of the first dual agonists to reach market anywhere in the world.

Weight management (approved in China)Type 2 diabetes (investigational)Metabolic syndrome

VIP

Investigational

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Aviptadil

Immune & Respiratory

A 28-amino-acid neuropeptide naturally produced throughout the body, with particularly high concentrations in the gut, lungs, and nervous system. VIP has potent anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and immunomodulatory properties. It gained significant attention during COVID-19 as aviptadil (synthetic VIP) was studied for acute respiratory distress. In integrative medicine, it is widely used for chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS) and mold illness protocols.

Chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS)Mold illness treatment (Shoemaker protocol)Pulmonary hypertension

Kisspeptin

Investigational

Kisspeptin-54, Kisspeptin-10

Hormonal & Reproductive

A neuropeptide that acts as the master regulator of the reproductive hormone axis. Kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus control the release of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone), which in turn drives LH and FSH production. Increasingly studied for fertility treatment, hypogonadism, and as a diagnostic tool for reproductive disorders. Also being explored for its role in emotional and sexual brain processing.

Fertility treatment (investigational)Hypogonadism evaluationIVF protocols (as GnRH trigger alternative)

Gonadorelin

FDA Approved

GnRH, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

Hormonal & Reproductive

A synthetic form of the naturally occurring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Used clinically to evaluate pituitary function and increasingly prescribed in peptide therapy to maintain endogenous testosterone production during TRT or peptide cycles. Acts on the pituitary to stimulate LH and FSH release.

Maintaining fertility during TRTPituitary function testingHypothalamic amenorrhea treatment

Enclomiphene

Investigational

Androxal, trans-Clomiphene

Hormonal & Reproductive

The trans-isomer of clomiphene citrate, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Unlike the mixed isomer clomifene (Clomid), enclomiphene is the active anti-estrogenic component without the estrogenic zuclomiphene isomer. Studied as a treatment for secondary hypogonadism that preserves fertility, unlike exogenous testosterone.

Secondary hypogonadism treatmentTestosterone optimization without TRTPost-cycle therapy (PCT)

Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4

Unregulated

Matrixyl, Pal-KTTKS

Cosmetic & Skin

A lipopeptide used in topical skincare that stimulates collagen and fibronectin production in the skin. One of the most studied cosmetic peptides, marketed as Matrixyl. Works by mimicking a collagen fragment that signals fibroblasts to produce new collagen matrix. Widely used in anti-aging serums and creams.

Anti-wrinkle topical treatmentCollagen stimulation in aging skinSkin firmness and elasticity improvement

Acetyl Hexapeptide-8

Unregulated

Argireline, Acetyl Hexapeptide-3

Cosmetic & Skin

A synthetic peptide that inhibits neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction, reducing muscle contraction and the appearance of expression lines. Often called 'topical Botox' in marketing, though the mechanism and potency differ significantly. One of the most commercially successful cosmetic peptides.

Forehead and crow's feet wrinkle reductionExpression line softeningPreventive anti-aging skincare

Pentadecapeptide BPC (Stable Oral)

Pending PCAC

BPC Stable Oral, PL 10

Healing & Recovery

A stabilized oral formulation of the BPC-157 pentadecapeptide sequence designed for gastrointestinal applications. Unlike standard BPC-157 which is typically injected, this formulation uses stabilization techniques to survive gastric acid degradation. Primarily studied for gut healing, ulcer protection, and inflammatory bowel conditions.

Gut healing and repairGastric ulcer protectionInflammatory bowel support

PCAC: 2026-07-23

PEG-MGF

Pending PCAC

Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor, PEG-MGF

Growth & Recovery

A pegylated form of Mechano Growth Factor, a splice variant of IGF-1 produced in response to mechanical stress on muscle tissue. The PEG (polyethylene glycol) modification extends the half-life from minutes to hours. Studied for muscle repair, hypertrophy, and recovery from injury. One of the 12 peptides removed from Category 2 in April 2026.

Muscle repair and recoveryHypertrophy supportInjury rehabilitation

PCAC: 2027-02-01

Amlexanox

Unregulated

Aphthasol, OraDisc A

Metabolic

An anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic compound originally approved for treating aphthous ulcers (canker sores). Gained renewed interest after research showed it inhibits NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase) and IKKε/TBK1 kinases, pathways involved in obesity and insulin resistance. Being explored as a metabolic optimization compound alongside 5-Amino-1MQ.

Metabolic optimization researchInsulin sensitivity improvementFat loss support (investigational)

Epithalon (Injectable Form)

Pending PCAC

Epitalon Injectable, AEDG Injectable

Anti-Aging & Longevity

The injectable subcutaneous form of the Epithalon tetrapeptide, offering higher bioavailability than oral or nasal routes. Same active sequence (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) as oral Epitalon but delivered via injection for more reliable absorption. Studied for telomerase activation, pineal gland function, and circadian rhythm regulation.

Anti-aging and longevity protocolsTelomere maintenance (investigational)Sleep quality improvement

PCAC: 2026-07-24

Thymosin Alpha-1 + Thymalin Protocol

Unregulated

TA1/Thymalin Stack, Immune Peptide Protocol

Immune Support

A combination protocol pairing Thymosin Alpha-1 (a 28-amino acid thymic peptide) with Thymalin (a thymic extract) for comprehensive immune system modulation. Based on the work of Vladimir Khavinson, this stack targets both innate and adaptive immunity. Used in integrative medicine for immune optimization, post-illness recovery, and longevity protocols.

Comprehensive immune optimizationPost-viral recovery protocolsChronic infection support

DSIP

Unregulated

Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide, Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu

Sleep & Recovery

A naturally occurring nonapeptide first isolated from rabbit brain in 1977. Studied for its role in sleep regulation, stress response, and pain modulation. Popular in the biohacking community for sleep optimization.

Sleep quality improvementStress reductionPain modulation

Thymosin Beta-4

Unregulated

Tβ4, Full-length TB4

Healing & Recovery

The full-length 43-amino acid peptide from which TB-500 is derived. Thymosin Beta-4 is the most abundant member of the beta-thymosin family and plays a central role in tissue repair, cell migration, and anti-inflammatory signaling.

Tissue repair and wound healingCardiac tissue protectionCorneal healing

Setmelanotide

FDA Approved

Imcivree, RM-493

Metabolic

An MC4R (melanocortin 4 receptor) agonist FDA-approved for rare genetic obesity disorders including POMC, PCSK1, and LEPR deficiency. Represents a precision medicine approach to obesity treatment.

Rare genetic obesity (POMC deficiency)PCSK1 deficiency obesityLEPR deficiency obesity

Tesofensine

Investigational

NS2330, TE

Metabolic

A triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) originally developed for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's that showed remarkable weight loss in Phase 2 trials. Now being developed specifically for obesity.

Weight management (investigational)Appetite suppressionMetabolic rate enhancement

Collagen Peptides

Unregulated

Hydrolyzed Collagen, Collagen Hydrolysate

Structural & Skin

Bioactive peptide fragments derived from hydrolyzed collagen protein. The most commercially successful peptide supplement category, with a global market exceeding $5 billion. Available in Types I, II, III, and marine-sourced variants.

Skin elasticity and hydrationJoint health and mobilityHair and nail strength

Glutathione

Unregulated

GSH, L-Glutathione

Antioxidant & Detox

A tripeptide (glutamate-cysteine-glycine) that is the body's most abundant endogenous antioxidant. Plays a critical role in detoxification, immune function, and cellular protection. Available in oral, IV, and injectable forms.

Antioxidant supportLiver detoxificationSkin brightening

Desmopressin

FDA Approved

DDAVP, Stimate

Hormonal & Renal

A synthetic analog of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) FDA-approved for diabetes insipidus, bedwetting, and hemophilia A. One of the most widely prescribed peptide drugs globally.

Central diabetes insipidusNocturnal enuresis (bedwetting)Hemophilia A (mild)

Leuprolide

FDA Approved

Lupron, Eligard

GnRH Agonist

A synthetic GnRH agonist that paradoxically suppresses gonadotropin release with chronic use. One of the most commercially important peptide drugs, used in prostate cancer, endometriosis, precocious puberty, and fertility treatments.

Prostate cancer treatmentEndometriosisUterine fibroids

Octreotide

FDA Approved

Sandostatin, Sandostatin LAR

Somatostatin Analog

A synthetic octapeptide analog of somatostatin with a much longer half-life than the natural hormone. FDA-approved for acromegaly, carcinoid tumors, and VIPomas. One of the foundational peptide drugs in endocrinology.

AcromegalyCarcinoid syndromeVIPomas

MGF

Unregulated

Mechano Growth Factor, IGF-1Ec

Growth & Recovery

A splice variant of IGF-1 produced in response to mechanical stress on muscle tissue. Plays a key role in muscle repair by activating satellite cells. The non-PEGylated form has a very short half-life.

Muscle repair after injuryHypertrophy supportRecovery from intense training

AHK-Cu

Unregulated

Copper Tripeptide AHK, Ala-His-Lys:Copper

Anti-Aging & Skin

A newer copper-binding tripeptide related to GHK-Cu but with a different amino acid sequence (Ala-His-Lys vs Gly-His-Lys). Emerging research suggests it may have distinct and potentially complementary effects on hair growth and skin rejuvenation.

Hair growth stimulationSkin rejuvenationAnti-aging

Lanreotide

FDA Approved

Somatuline, Somatuline Depot

Somatostatin Analog

A long-acting somatostatin analog FDA-approved for acromegaly and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Administered as a deep subcutaneous depot injection once monthly.

AcromegalyGastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs)Carcinoid syndrome

Bivalirudin

FDA Approved

Angiomax, Angiox

Anticoagulant

A synthetic 20-amino acid peptide that directly inhibits thrombin. FDA-approved as an anticoagulant during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Represents peptides' role in acute cardiovascular medicine.

Anticoagulation during PCIAlternative to heparin in HIT patientsAcute coronary syndromes

Teriparatide

FDA Approved

Forteo, PTH 1-34

Bone & Metabolic

A recombinant fragment of parathyroid hormone (amino acids 1-34) FDA-approved for osteoporosis. The first anabolic (bone-building) agent approved for osteoporosis, as opposed to anti-resorptive drugs that only slow bone loss.

Severe osteoporosisFracture risk reductionGlucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

Zilucoplan

FDA Approved

Zilbrysq, RA101495

Immune & Neurological

A macrocyclic peptide complement C5 inhibitor FDA-approved for generalized myasthenia gravis. One of the newest peptide drugs, representing the cutting edge of peptide therapeutics in autoimmune disease.

Generalized myasthenia gravis (anti-AChR antibody positive)

Lixisenatide

FDA Approved

Adlyxin, Lyxumia

GLP-1 Agonist

A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes. Shorter-acting than semaglutide, with a stronger effect on postprandial glucose. Also available in a fixed-ratio combination with insulin glargine (Soliqua).

Type 2 diabetes (adjunct to diet and exercise)Postprandial glucose controlCombined with basal insulin (Soliqua)

Exenatide

FDA Approved

Byetta, Bydureon

GLP-1 Agonist

The first GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA, originally derived from Gila monster saliva. Available in twice-daily (Byetta) and once-weekly (Bydureon) formulations. Paved the way for semaglutide and tirzepatide.

Type 2 diabetesBlood sugar regulationModest weight loss

Lactoferrin

Unregulated

Lactotransferrin, LF

Immune & Antimicrobial

A naturally occurring iron-binding glycoprotein found in milk, saliva, tears, and mucosal secretions. One of the body's first-line innate immune defenses. Available as an oral supplement and in research-grade injectable form.

Immune supportIron deficiency (improves absorption)Gut health

Noopept

Unregulated

GVS-111, N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester

Nootropic & Neuroprotective

A synthetic dipeptide-derived nootropic developed in Russia, structurally related to the racetam family but approximately 1000x more potent by weight. Approved as a prescription drug in Russia for cognitive impairment.

Cognitive enhancementMemory improvementNeuroprotection

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1

Unregulated

Pal-GHK, Palmitoyl Oligopeptide

Cosmetic & Skin

A lipopeptide consisting of palmitic acid linked to the GHK tripeptide sequence. Designed for topical use to stimulate collagen synthesis and skin repair. Often combined with Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 in the commercial product Matrixyl 3000.

Anti-aging skincareCollagen stimulationWrinkle reduction

Dulaglutide

FDA Approved

Trulicity

GLP-1 Agonist

A once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk reduction. Developed by Eli Lilly as a predecessor to tirzepatide. One of the most prescribed GLP-1 agonists globally.

Type 2 diabetesCardiovascular risk reductionModerate weight loss

Abaloparatide

FDA Approved

Tymlos, BA058

Bone & Metabolic

A synthetic analog of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) FDA-approved for osteoporosis. Similar to teriparatide but with a potentially more favorable bone-building to bone-resorbing ratio and lower hypercalcemia risk.

Postmenopausal osteoporosisFracture risk reductionBone density improvement

Human Beta-Defensin 2

Unregulated

HBD-2, hBD-2

Immune & Antimicrobial

An antimicrobial peptide produced by epithelial cells in response to infection and inflammation. Part of the innate immune system's first line of defense. Research interest is growing for its potential in wound healing and anti-biofilm applications.

Antimicrobial researchWound healing researchBiofilm disruption

Calcitonin

FDA Approved

Miacalcin, Fortical

Bone & Metabolic

A 32-amino acid peptide hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates calcium and bone metabolism. The salmon-derived form (sCT) is FDA-approved for osteoporosis and Paget's disease. One of the earliest peptide drugs.

Postmenopausal osteoporosisPaget's disease of boneHypercalcemia of malignancy

Pramlintide

FDA Approved

Symlin, Amylin Analog

Metabolic

A synthetic analog of amylin, a peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic beta cells. FDA-approved as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Represents the amylin pathway that cagrilintide (investigational) also targets.

Type 1 diabetes (adjunct to insulin)Type 2 diabetes (adjunct to insulin)Postprandial glucose control