Peptide Database
80 compounds with detailed profiles — mechanism of action, common uses, known risks, and current FDA regulatory status. Updated April 2026.
Covering 80 of 80+ FDA-approved and commonly researched peptide compounds. New profiles are added regularly.
80 compounds
BPC-157
Pending PCACBody Protection Compound-157, Bepecin
Healing & Recovery
A synthetic 15-amino acid peptide derived from a protective protein found in human gastric juice. One of the most widely researched peptides for tissue repair and recovery.
PCAC: July 23, 2026
Semaglutide
FDA ApprovedOzempic, Wegovy
GLP-1 Agonist
A GLP-1 receptor agonist originally developed for type 2 diabetes, now widely prescribed for weight management. One of the most commercially successful peptide drugs in history.
Tirzepatide
FDA ApprovedMounjaro, Zepbound
GLP-1/GIP Dual Agonist
A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly. Represents the next generation of incretin-based therapies with potentially superior efficacy to semaglutide for weight loss.
TB-500
Pending PCACThymosin Beta-4 Fragment, TB4-Frag
Healing & Recovery
A synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4, a naturally occurring peptide involved in tissue repair and regeneration. Widely used in the biohacking community for injury recovery.
PCAC: July 23, 2026
CJC-1295
Category 1CJC-1295 with DAC, CJC-1295 no DAC
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
A synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) that stimulates the pituitary gland to produce more growth hormone. Available with or without a Drug Affinity Complex (DAC) that extends its half-life.
AOD-9604
Category 1Anti-Obesity Drug 9604, Tyr-hGH Fragment 177-191
Metabolic
A modified fragment of human growth hormone (amino acids 177-191) originally developed as an anti-obesity agent. Targets fat metabolism without the growth-promoting effects of full HGH.
GHK-Cu
Pending PCACCopper Peptide, Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine:copper(II)
Anti-Aging & Skin
A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide found in human plasma, saliva, and urine. Levels decline significantly with age. Widely used in both injectable and topical forms for anti-aging.
PCAC: By February 2027
Thymosin Alpha-1
Category 1Tα1, Zadaxin
Immune Support
A thymic peptide that plays a central role in immune system regulation. Approved as a drug in over 35 countries (though not in the US) for hepatitis B and C treatment and as an immune booster.
Ipamorelin
Category 1Growth Hormone Secretagogue
A selective growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates GH release with minimal effects on cortisol and prolactin. Considered one of the 'cleanest' GH-releasing peptides due to its selectivity.
Sermorelin
Category 1Geref, GRF 1-29
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
A synthetic analog of the first 29 amino acids of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). One of the longest-studied GH-releasing peptides with a history of FDA approval for pediatric GH deficiency.
Retatrutide
InvestigationalLY3437943, Eli Lilly Triple Agonist
GLP-1/GIP/Glucagon Triple Agonist
An investigational triple-agonist peptide developed by Eli Lilly that targets GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously. Phase 3 clinical trials are underway, with early results showing unprecedented weight loss efficacy.
Semax
Pending PCACHeptapeptide, MEHFPGP
Nootropic & Neuroprotective
A synthetic heptapeptide analog of ACTH(4-10) developed in Russia, where it has been used clinically for decades to treat cerebral ischemia and cognitive impairment. Growing interest in the West for nootropic and neuroprotective applications.
PCAC: July 24, 2026
Epitalon
Pending PCACEpithalon, Epithalone
Anti-Aging & Longevity
A synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) originally developed by the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology in Russia. Studied for telomere lengthening, melatonin regulation, and anti-aging properties.
PCAC: July 24, 2026
MOTS-c
Pending PCACMitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c
Metabolic & Longevity
A mitochondria-derived peptide encoded by the 12S rRNA gene. Naturally produced in the body and declines with age. Emerging research shows remarkable effects on metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and exercise capacity.
PCAC: July 23, 2026
KPV
Pending PCACLys-Pro-Val, α-MSH C-terminal tripeptide
Anti-Inflammatory & Healing
A tripeptide (Lysine-Proline-Valine) derived from the C-terminus of alpha-MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone). Has potent anti-inflammatory properties and is being studied for inflammatory bowel conditions and wound healing.
PCAC: July 23, 2026
Emideltide
Pending PCACDSIP, Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide
Sleep & Neurological
A nonapeptide (9 amino acids) first isolated from rabbit cerebral venous blood in 1977. Originally studied for sleep-induction properties, it is now being investigated for opioid withdrawal and chronic insomnia.
PCAC: July 24, 2026
Melanotan II
Pending PCACMT-2, MTII
Melanocortin & Sexual Health
A synthetic analog of alpha-MSH that acts on melanocortin receptors. Originally developed at the University of Arizona as a potential tanning agent, it gained notoriety for potent sexual arousal and appetite suppression effects.
PCAC: By February 2027
Selank
UnregulatedTP-7, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro
Nootropic & Neuroprotective
A synthetic heptapeptide analog of tuftsin developed by the Institute of Molecular Genetics in Russia. Approved in Russia as an anxiolytic and nootropic. Widely used for anxiety reduction and cognitive enhancement without sedation.
PT-141
FDA ApprovedBremelanotide, Vyleesi
Melanocortin & Sexual Health
A synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist derived from Melanotan II. Unlike Melanotan II, PT-141 was developed specifically for sexual dysfunction and received FDA approval in 2019 as Vyleesi for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women.
Hexarelin
Category 1Examorelin, His-D-2-MeTrp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
A synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue and one of the most potent GH-releasing peptides known. Stimulates GH release more strongly than most other GHS peptides, but also has significant effects on cortisol and prolactin.
Tesamorelin
FDA ApprovedEgrifta, TH9507
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
A synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) that is FDA-approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. One of the few peptides with a clear FDA-approved indication, making it a useful reference point for the broader GHRH analog class.
NAD+
UnregulatedNicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, NAD
Metabolic & Longevity
A coenzyme found in all living cells that plays a central role in energy metabolism and cellular repair. NAD+ levels decline significantly with age. Injectable NAD+ and its precursors (NMN, NR) have become widely used in longevity and anti-aging protocols.
IGF-1 LR3
UnregulatedInsulin-like Growth Factor-1 Long R3, Long R3 IGF-1
Growth & Anabolic
A synthetic analog of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) with an extended half-life due to a modified arginine-3 sequence. IGF-1 is naturally produced in the liver in response to growth hormone. The LR3 variant is approximately 3x more potent than native IGF-1 and resists binding to IGF-binding proteins, extending its activity.
Follistatin 344
UnregulatedFST-344, Follistatin
Growth & Anabolic
A naturally occurring glycoprotein that acts as a potent inhibitor of myostatin — the protein that limits muscle growth. Follistatin 344 is the most common isoform used in research contexts. Inhibiting myostatin theoretically removes the body's natural brake on muscle development.
SS-31
InvestigationalElamipretide, MTP-131
Mitochondrial & Cardioprotective
A synthetic tetrapeptide that targets the inner mitochondrial membrane, specifically binding to cardiolipin — a phospholipid critical for mitochondrial function. Developed by Stealth BioTherapeutics, SS-31 has been studied for heart failure, kidney disease, and age-related mitochondrial dysfunction.
Pinealon
UnregulatedEDR peptide, Glu-Asp-Arg
Nootropic & Neuroprotective
A synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) developed by the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology — the same institution behind Epitalon. Pinealon is designed to target the central nervous system and pineal gland, with research focused on neuroprotection, cognitive function, and circadian rhythm regulation.
Humanin
UnregulatedHN, Mitochondria-derived peptide
Mitochondrial & Longevity
A 21-amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome — one of the first mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) discovered. Humanin levels decline with age and are associated with longevity in centenarian offspring. Studied for neuroprotection, metabolic health, and cardiovascular protection.
5-Amino-1MQ
Unregulated5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, NNMT inhibitor
Metabolic & Weight Management
A small molecule inhibitor of NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase), an enzyme that regulates fat cell metabolism and NAD+ availability. While technically a small molecule rather than a peptide, it is commonly grouped with peptide therapies in the metabolic health space due to its mechanism and delivery method.
Cerebrolysin
UnregulatedFPF 1070
Nootropic & Neuroprotective
A mixture of low-molecular-weight neuropeptides and amino acids derived from purified pig brain proteins. Approved as a drug in over 50 countries (including much of Europe and Asia) for stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease. One of the most clinically studied neuropeptide preparations in the world.
GHRP-6
Category 1Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6, His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
One of the original synthetic growth hormone secretagogues, developed in the 1980s. A hexapeptide that strongly stimulates GH release through ghrelin receptor activation. Historically significant as the compound that led to the discovery of the ghrelin receptor and the development of the entire GHS drug class.
Orforglipron
InvestigationalLY3502970, Eli Lilly oral GLP-1
GLP-1 Agonist
A non-peptide, small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly. Unlike semaglutide and tirzepatide which are peptides requiring injection, orforglipron is a fully oral pill taken once daily with no fasting requirement. Phase 3 trials are underway, potentially making it the first truly convenient oral GLP-1 option.
Liraglutide
FDA ApprovedVictoza, Saxenda
GLP-1 Agonist
The first widely used GLP-1 receptor agonist for weight management, developed by Novo Nordisk. Predates semaglutide and tirzepatide. While largely superseded by newer agents for weight loss, it remains FDA-approved and widely prescribed, particularly for patients who tolerate it well or have established insurance coverage.
Oxytocin
FDA ApprovedPitocin, Syntocinon
Neurological & Hormonal
A naturally occurring nonapeptide produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. Known as the 'bonding hormone' for its role in social bonding, trust, and attachment. Also has established medical uses in obstetrics. Growing interest in intranasal oxytocin for social anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, and relationship enhancement.
BPC-157 (Oral Form)
Pending PCACBPC-157 capsule, Oral BPC-157
Healing & Recovery
The oral formulation of BPC-157, distinct from the injectable form in its bioavailability profile and primary applications. While injectable BPC-157 is used for systemic and musculoskeletal healing, oral BPC-157 is particularly relevant for gastrointestinal conditions where direct gut exposure may be more important than systemic absorption.
PCAC: July 23, 2026
Cagrilintide
InvestigationalAM833, CagriSema (in combination with semaglutide)
Metabolic & Weight Management
A long-acting amylin analog developed by Novo Nordisk. Amylin is a hormone co-secreted with insulin that regulates appetite and gastric emptying. Being developed both standalone and in combination with semaglutide (CagriSema) — a combination showing weight loss exceeding 22% in Phase 3 trials, potentially the next step beyond tirzepatide.
GHRP-2
UnregulatedGrowth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2, Pralmorelin
Growth Hormone Secretagogue
A synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates GH release through the ghrelin receptor. Considered one of the most potent GHRPs available, producing stronger GH pulses than GHRP-6 but with more appetite stimulation than ipamorelin. Widely used in anti-aging and performance contexts.
Dihexa
UnregulatedN-hexanoic-Tyr-Ile-(6)-aminohexanoic amide, PMI 6
Nootropic & Cognitive
An angiotensin IV analog peptide developed at Washington State University that has shown extraordinary cognitive-enhancing properties in animal models. In preclinical studies, dihexa was reported to be up to 10 million times more potent than BDNF at promoting new synapse formation, making it one of the most discussed nootropic peptides in the biohacking community.
LL-37
UnregulatedCathelicidin, Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide
Immune & Antimicrobial
The only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, LL-37 is a 37-amino-acid peptide naturally produced by immune cells, epithelial cells, and barrier tissues. It plays a critical role in innate immunity by directly killing bacteria, viruses, and fungi, while also modulating inflammatory responses. Increasingly studied for chronic infections, biofilm disruption, and immune regulation.
SNAP-8
UnregulatedAcetyl Octapeptide-3, Acetyl Glutamyl Heptapeptide-1
Cosmetic & Skin
A cosmetic peptide that mimics the N-terminal end of SNAP-25, a protein involved in neuromuscular signaling. By competing with SNAP-25 for a position in the SNARE complex, it reduces the intensity of muscle contractions that cause expression lines. Often called 'topical Botox' in the skincare industry, though its effects are much milder than injectable neurotoxins.
Thymalin
UnregulatedThymic peptide extract, Thymus extract
Immune & Longevity
A thymic peptide bioregulator developed by Vladimir Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. Thymalin is a complex of polypeptides extracted from the thymus gland that has been used clinically in Russia since the 1980s for immune restoration. Khavinson's research group reported that thymalin treatment in elderly patients was associated with reduced mortality over a 6-year follow-up period.
Survodutide
InvestigationalBI 456906, Boehringer Ingelheim dual agonist
Metabolic & Weight Management
A dual glucagon/GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Boehringer Ingelheim for obesity and metabolic liver disease (MASH/NASH). Unlike tirzepatide (GIP/GLP-1), survodutide activates the glucagon receptor alongside GLP-1, which increases energy expenditure and hepatic fat oxidation. Phase 2 trials showed up to 18.7% weight loss at 46 weeks and significant liver fat reduction, making it a leading candidate for MASH treatment.
Pemvidutide
InvestigationalALT-801, Altimmune dual agonist
Metabolic & Weight Management
A GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist developed by Altimmune, similar in mechanism to survodutide. In Phase 2 trials (MOMENTUM), pemvidutide demonstrated up to 15.6% weight loss at 48 weeks with notable preservation of lean body mass — a differentiating feature compared to other weight loss drugs where significant muscle loss is a concern.
BPC-157 Arginate (Stable Form)
Pending PCACBPC-157 Arginine Salt, BPC-157-Arg
Healing & Recovery
The arginine salt form of BPC-157, developed to improve stability and shelf life compared to the standard acetate salt. BPC-157 arginate maintains the same gastric pentadecapeptide sequence but uses arginine as the counter-ion, which provides better stability at room temperature and in solution. This form is increasingly preferred by compounding pharmacies and researchers.
PCAC: July 23, 2026
Mazdutide
InvestigationalIBI362, LY3305677
Metabolic & Weight Management
A GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist co-developed by Innovent Biologics and Eli Lilly. Mazdutide has shown strong weight loss results in Chinese clinical populations, with Phase 3 data showing up to 17.4% weight loss at 48 weeks. It received approval in China in late 2025 for obesity treatment, making it one of the first dual agonists to reach market anywhere in the world.
VIP
InvestigationalVasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Aviptadil
Immune & Respiratory
A 28-amino-acid neuropeptide naturally produced throughout the body, with particularly high concentrations in the gut, lungs, and nervous system. VIP has potent anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and immunomodulatory properties. It gained significant attention during COVID-19 as aviptadil (synthetic VIP) was studied for acute respiratory distress. In integrative medicine, it is widely used for chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS) and mold illness protocols.
Kisspeptin
InvestigationalKisspeptin-54, Kisspeptin-10
Hormonal & Reproductive
A neuropeptide that acts as the master regulator of the reproductive hormone axis. Kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus control the release of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone), which in turn drives LH and FSH production. Increasingly studied for fertility treatment, hypogonadism, and as a diagnostic tool for reproductive disorders. Also being explored for its role in emotional and sexual brain processing.
Gonadorelin
FDA ApprovedGnRH, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Hormonal & Reproductive
A synthetic form of the naturally occurring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Used clinically to evaluate pituitary function and increasingly prescribed in peptide therapy to maintain endogenous testosterone production during TRT or peptide cycles. Acts on the pituitary to stimulate LH and FSH release.
Enclomiphene
InvestigationalAndroxal, trans-Clomiphene
Hormonal & Reproductive
The trans-isomer of clomiphene citrate, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Unlike the mixed isomer clomifene (Clomid), enclomiphene is the active anti-estrogenic component without the estrogenic zuclomiphene isomer. Studied as a treatment for secondary hypogonadism that preserves fertility, unlike exogenous testosterone.
Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4
UnregulatedMatrixyl, Pal-KTTKS
Cosmetic & Skin
A lipopeptide used in topical skincare that stimulates collagen and fibronectin production in the skin. One of the most studied cosmetic peptides, marketed as Matrixyl. Works by mimicking a collagen fragment that signals fibroblasts to produce new collagen matrix. Widely used in anti-aging serums and creams.
Acetyl Hexapeptide-8
UnregulatedArgireline, Acetyl Hexapeptide-3
Cosmetic & Skin
A synthetic peptide that inhibits neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction, reducing muscle contraction and the appearance of expression lines. Often called 'topical Botox' in marketing, though the mechanism and potency differ significantly. One of the most commercially successful cosmetic peptides.
Pentadecapeptide BPC (Stable Oral)
Pending PCACBPC Stable Oral, PL 10
Healing & Recovery
A stabilized oral formulation of the BPC-157 pentadecapeptide sequence designed for gastrointestinal applications. Unlike standard BPC-157 which is typically injected, this formulation uses stabilization techniques to survive gastric acid degradation. Primarily studied for gut healing, ulcer protection, and inflammatory bowel conditions.
PCAC: 2026-07-23
PEG-MGF
Pending PCACPegylated Mechano Growth Factor, PEG-MGF
Growth & Recovery
A pegylated form of Mechano Growth Factor, a splice variant of IGF-1 produced in response to mechanical stress on muscle tissue. The PEG (polyethylene glycol) modification extends the half-life from minutes to hours. Studied for muscle repair, hypertrophy, and recovery from injury. One of the 12 peptides removed from Category 2 in April 2026.
PCAC: 2027-02-01
Amlexanox
UnregulatedAphthasol, OraDisc A
Metabolic
An anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic compound originally approved for treating aphthous ulcers (canker sores). Gained renewed interest after research showed it inhibits NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase) and IKKε/TBK1 kinases, pathways involved in obesity and insulin resistance. Being explored as a metabolic optimization compound alongside 5-Amino-1MQ.
Epithalon (Injectable Form)
Pending PCACEpitalon Injectable, AEDG Injectable
Anti-Aging & Longevity
The injectable subcutaneous form of the Epithalon tetrapeptide, offering higher bioavailability than oral or nasal routes. Same active sequence (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) as oral Epitalon but delivered via injection for more reliable absorption. Studied for telomerase activation, pineal gland function, and circadian rhythm regulation.
PCAC: 2026-07-24
Thymosin Alpha-1 + Thymalin Protocol
UnregulatedTA1/Thymalin Stack, Immune Peptide Protocol
Immune Support
A combination protocol pairing Thymosin Alpha-1 (a 28-amino acid thymic peptide) with Thymalin (a thymic extract) for comprehensive immune system modulation. Based on the work of Vladimir Khavinson, this stack targets both innate and adaptive immunity. Used in integrative medicine for immune optimization, post-illness recovery, and longevity protocols.
DSIP
UnregulatedDelta Sleep-Inducing Peptide, Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu
Sleep & Recovery
A naturally occurring nonapeptide first isolated from rabbit brain in 1977. Studied for its role in sleep regulation, stress response, and pain modulation. Popular in the biohacking community for sleep optimization.
Thymosin Beta-4
UnregulatedTβ4, Full-length TB4
Healing & Recovery
The full-length 43-amino acid peptide from which TB-500 is derived. Thymosin Beta-4 is the most abundant member of the beta-thymosin family and plays a central role in tissue repair, cell migration, and anti-inflammatory signaling.
Setmelanotide
FDA ApprovedImcivree, RM-493
Metabolic
An MC4R (melanocortin 4 receptor) agonist FDA-approved for rare genetic obesity disorders including POMC, PCSK1, and LEPR deficiency. Represents a precision medicine approach to obesity treatment.
Tesofensine
InvestigationalNS2330, TE
Metabolic
A triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) originally developed for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's that showed remarkable weight loss in Phase 2 trials. Now being developed specifically for obesity.
Collagen Peptides
UnregulatedHydrolyzed Collagen, Collagen Hydrolysate
Structural & Skin
Bioactive peptide fragments derived from hydrolyzed collagen protein. The most commercially successful peptide supplement category, with a global market exceeding $5 billion. Available in Types I, II, III, and marine-sourced variants.
Glutathione
UnregulatedGSH, L-Glutathione
Antioxidant & Detox
A tripeptide (glutamate-cysteine-glycine) that is the body's most abundant endogenous antioxidant. Plays a critical role in detoxification, immune function, and cellular protection. Available in oral, IV, and injectable forms.
Desmopressin
FDA ApprovedDDAVP, Stimate
Hormonal & Renal
A synthetic analog of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) FDA-approved for diabetes insipidus, bedwetting, and hemophilia A. One of the most widely prescribed peptide drugs globally.
Leuprolide
FDA ApprovedLupron, Eligard
GnRH Agonist
A synthetic GnRH agonist that paradoxically suppresses gonadotropin release with chronic use. One of the most commercially important peptide drugs, used in prostate cancer, endometriosis, precocious puberty, and fertility treatments.
Octreotide
FDA ApprovedSandostatin, Sandostatin LAR
Somatostatin Analog
A synthetic octapeptide analog of somatostatin with a much longer half-life than the natural hormone. FDA-approved for acromegaly, carcinoid tumors, and VIPomas. One of the foundational peptide drugs in endocrinology.
MGF
UnregulatedMechano Growth Factor, IGF-1Ec
Growth & Recovery
A splice variant of IGF-1 produced in response to mechanical stress on muscle tissue. Plays a key role in muscle repair by activating satellite cells. The non-PEGylated form has a very short half-life.
AHK-Cu
UnregulatedCopper Tripeptide AHK, Ala-His-Lys:Copper
Anti-Aging & Skin
A newer copper-binding tripeptide related to GHK-Cu but with a different amino acid sequence (Ala-His-Lys vs Gly-His-Lys). Emerging research suggests it may have distinct and potentially complementary effects on hair growth and skin rejuvenation.
Lanreotide
FDA ApprovedSomatuline, Somatuline Depot
Somatostatin Analog
A long-acting somatostatin analog FDA-approved for acromegaly and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Administered as a deep subcutaneous depot injection once monthly.
Bivalirudin
FDA ApprovedAngiomax, Angiox
Anticoagulant
A synthetic 20-amino acid peptide that directly inhibits thrombin. FDA-approved as an anticoagulant during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Represents peptides' role in acute cardiovascular medicine.
Teriparatide
FDA ApprovedForteo, PTH 1-34
Bone & Metabolic
A recombinant fragment of parathyroid hormone (amino acids 1-34) FDA-approved for osteoporosis. The first anabolic (bone-building) agent approved for osteoporosis, as opposed to anti-resorptive drugs that only slow bone loss.
Zilucoplan
FDA ApprovedZilbrysq, RA101495
Immune & Neurological
A macrocyclic peptide complement C5 inhibitor FDA-approved for generalized myasthenia gravis. One of the newest peptide drugs, representing the cutting edge of peptide therapeutics in autoimmune disease.
Lixisenatide
FDA ApprovedAdlyxin, Lyxumia
GLP-1 Agonist
A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes. Shorter-acting than semaglutide, with a stronger effect on postprandial glucose. Also available in a fixed-ratio combination with insulin glargine (Soliqua).
Exenatide
FDA ApprovedByetta, Bydureon
GLP-1 Agonist
The first GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA, originally derived from Gila monster saliva. Available in twice-daily (Byetta) and once-weekly (Bydureon) formulations. Paved the way for semaglutide and tirzepatide.
Lactoferrin
UnregulatedLactotransferrin, LF
Immune & Antimicrobial
A naturally occurring iron-binding glycoprotein found in milk, saliva, tears, and mucosal secretions. One of the body's first-line innate immune defenses. Available as an oral supplement and in research-grade injectable form.
Noopept
UnregulatedGVS-111, N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester
Nootropic & Neuroprotective
A synthetic dipeptide-derived nootropic developed in Russia, structurally related to the racetam family but approximately 1000x more potent by weight. Approved as a prescription drug in Russia for cognitive impairment.
Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1
UnregulatedPal-GHK, Palmitoyl Oligopeptide
Cosmetic & Skin
A lipopeptide consisting of palmitic acid linked to the GHK tripeptide sequence. Designed for topical use to stimulate collagen synthesis and skin repair. Often combined with Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 in the commercial product Matrixyl 3000.
Dulaglutide
FDA ApprovedTrulicity
GLP-1 Agonist
A once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk reduction. Developed by Eli Lilly as a predecessor to tirzepatide. One of the most prescribed GLP-1 agonists globally.
Abaloparatide
FDA ApprovedTymlos, BA058
Bone & Metabolic
A synthetic analog of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) FDA-approved for osteoporosis. Similar to teriparatide but with a potentially more favorable bone-building to bone-resorbing ratio and lower hypercalcemia risk.
Human Beta-Defensin 2
UnregulatedHBD-2, hBD-2
Immune & Antimicrobial
An antimicrobial peptide produced by epithelial cells in response to infection and inflammation. Part of the innate immune system's first line of defense. Research interest is growing for its potential in wound healing and anti-biofilm applications.
Calcitonin
FDA ApprovedMiacalcin, Fortical
Bone & Metabolic
A 32-amino acid peptide hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates calcium and bone metabolism. The salmon-derived form (sCT) is FDA-approved for osteoporosis and Paget's disease. One of the earliest peptide drugs.
Pramlintide
FDA ApprovedSymlin, Amylin Analog
Metabolic
A synthetic analog of amylin, a peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic beta cells. FDA-approved as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Represents the amylin pathway that cagrilintide (investigational) also targets.