Compare Peptides

Select any two compounds for a side-by-side comparison of mechanism, uses, risks, and FDA regulatory status.

Popular comparisons

MOTS-c

Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c

Pending PCAC
Metabolic & Longevity

Humanin

HN, Mitochondria-derived peptide

Unregulated
Mitochondrial & Longevity
Overview

A mitochondria-derived peptide encoded by the 12S rRNA gene. Naturally produced in the body and declines with age. Emerging research shows remarkable effects on metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and exercise capacity.

A 21-amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome — one of the first mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) discovered. Humanin levels decline with age and are associated with longevity in centenarian offspring. Studied for neuroprotection, metabolic health, and cardiovascular protection.

Mechanism of Action

Acts as a metabolic regulator that activates AMPK, promotes glucose uptake, reduces fat accumulation, and enhances mitochondrial function. Translates mitochondrial stress signals into adaptive cellular responses. Shown to extend lifespan in mouse models.

Binds to multiple receptors including gp130, FPRL1, and intracellular IGFBP-3. Activates STAT3 and AMPK signaling pathways. Inhibits neuronal apoptosis, reduces inflammation, improves insulin sensitivity, and protects against ischemic injury. Acts as a stress-response signal from mitochondria to the rest of the cell.

Common Uses
  • Metabolic health optimization
  • Insulin sensitivity improvement
  • Obesity treatment (investigational)
  • Osteoporosis prevention
  • Exercise performance enhancement
  • Neuroprotection and cognitive support
  • Metabolic health and insulin sensitivity
  • Cardiovascular protection
  • Longevity and anti-aging protocols
  • Alzheimer's disease research
Known Risks
  • Very limited human clinical data
  • Optimal dosing not established
  • Long-term effects unknown
  • Injection site reactions
  • Very limited human clinical data
  • Optimal dosing not established
  • Long-term effects unknown
  • Injection site reactions
  • Interactions with other peptides not well characterized
Regulatory Status
Pending PCAC

Removed from FDA 503A Category 2 effective April 22, 2026. Scheduled for PCAC review on July 23, 2026 for obesity and osteoporosis indications. One of the more scientifically novel compounds on the PCAC list, with strong preclinical data but limited human trials. Compounding not yet authorized.

PCAC: July 23, 2026

Unregulated

Not FDA-approved and not on any compounding list. Available as a research chemical. One of the more scientifically interesting longevity peptides with a growing research base, but human clinical trials are in early stages. Not affected by the 2026 regulatory changes.

This comparison is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any peptide therapy.