Exenatide
FDA ApprovedAlso known as: Byetta, Bydureon, Exendin-4
GLP-1 AgonistLast reviewed: April 28, 2026
The first GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA, originally derived from Gila monster saliva. Available in twice-daily (Byetta) and once-weekly (Bydureon) formulations. Paved the way for semaglutide and tirzepatide.
Mechanism of Action
Synthetic version of exendin-4, a peptide found in Gila monster venom that shares 53% homology with human GLP-1 but resists DPP-4 degradation. Stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and promotes satiety.
Common Uses
- Type 2 diabetes
- Blood sugar regulation
- Modest weight loss
Known Risks
- Nausea (common, especially initially)
- Pancreatitis (rare)
- Injection site nodules (Bydureon)
- Renal impairment
- Thyroid C-cell tumors (animal studies)
Regulatory Status
FDA-approved as Byetta (2005, twice daily) and Bydureon (2012, once weekly). The first-in-class GLP-1 agonist. Largely superseded by semaglutide for new prescriptions but still widely used.
Common Protocols
Protocol information is for educational reference only. Dosing varies significantly by individual, condition, and physician guidance. Always work with a licensed healthcare provider.
Subcutaneous injection
Typical Dose
5–10 mcg (Byetta) or 2 mg (Bydureon)
Frequency
Byetta: twice daily; Bydureon: once weekly
Cycle Length
Ongoing
Byetta: inject within 60 min before meals. Bydureon: inject any time, with or without meals. First GLP-1 agonist — historical significance in peptide therapeutics.
Related Compounds
Research References
This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any peptide therapy. Data is compiled from published research and regulatory sources and may not reflect the most recent developments.